Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts
Sanaz Toossi’s 2023 Pulitzer Prize-winning English is set in a classroom in Iran long before a monstrous powermonger pretending to be acting like any other U.S. President in our country’s history warned that he was about to annihilate the entire country and threatened that a “whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again.”
Although some people say the long-running Best Play Tony-nominee, just transferred from Broadway and opening here for a far too brief run at the Wallis, is being presented at a bad time, it’s something with which I could not disagree more strongly. To me, this stunning play lifts us from the discouragement and ugliness of the moment as it reminds us that human beings living their own daily lives so far away from us are just as worthy of being alive as we are.
In any language, Toosi’s surprisingly noiseless and quiet little play is much more than what it presents itself to be on the surface: a study of syntax and grammar. It is a profound exploration of what is lost when we are forced to navigate the world in a tongue that isn’t our own. All the humor, the frustrations, and the deep-seated longing inherent in the fragility of the human condition are explored in the story of four adult students in the city of Karaj, the capital city of Iran's Alborz province, preparing for the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).
Simply, English is a masterclass in subtext, something that must have influenced the Pulitzer nominating committee and voters, who in general only consider plays written by American playwrights and dealing with American life. Still, the Board’s criteria state the work should preferably deal with American themes, the same clause that brought Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth similar honors in 1932 despite being entirely set in a Chinese Village. Because the clause uses that terminology, the members have the flexibility to reward plays set anywhere in the world as long as the author meets the citizenship requirements.
English examines themes of identity, the struggle for translation, and the universal desire for people to find a new life—themes that are deeply rooted in the American immigrant narrative. This incredible work clearly captures the perpetual translation that, I’m sure, many Iranian-Americans feel, making it a tale that certainly resonates with the fabric of the American experience—or at least did before Donald J. Trump and his cronies started on their quest to tear the “give us your tired, your poor” concept into small, narrow-minded pieces.
The brilliance of Toossi’s writing lies in its linguistic conceit: when the characters speak English in the play, they in general speak with a halting, thickly-accented struggle; when they speak Farsi, represented here by fluent, unaccented, linguistically athletic everyday English, their true personalities—witty, sharp, and confident—burst forth. This creates a fascinating dichotomy as we watch these vibrant individuals almost reduced to being children by the limitations of their vocabulary skills.
The exceptionally harmonious and totally connected ensemble cast of Irani-American performers, four of five of whom come directly from Broadway via the Atlantic Theater Company and Roundabout Theatre’s joint production, deliver a veritable symphony of distinct motivations.
Whether it’s the older student Roya (transgendered actor/activist Pooya Mohseni, Obie-winner for her work in this production off-Broadway), who yearns only to speak enough of our language to be able to join her family abroad in Canada without humiliating herself, or Elham (Tala Ashe, who was Tony-nominated for this performance when the play transferred to Broadway), a character who has failed the exam five times but desperately needs to pass to be accepted into med school in Australia without losing her cultural identity, the stakes feel totally life-altering.
The classroom setting, often a place of academic coldness, becomes a pressure cooker of emotion. Under the jarringly simple but effective Tony-nominated and Obie-winning leadership of director Knud Adams, the pacing captures the rhythmic tick of a clock, a palpable sensibility mirroring the urgency these characters feel as they desperately try to “pass” into a new life—whether they really want to or not.
The also Tony-nominated and Drama Desk-winning Marjan Neshat is arresting as the group’s strict but passionate instructor, an Irani who has returned to her native country after living many years in Manchester, England, a dedicated educator whose true love for the English language is still somehow infused with longing and a kind of nebulous sense of regret for coming home.
Her sincere, thoughtful performance is cleverly juxtaposed with that of her somewhat giddy 18-year-old charge Goli (Ava Lalezarzadeh), who brings a cassette of Ricky Martin’s “She Bangs” to class for show-and-tell and then quite seriously proceeds to translate the lyrics to her classsmates word for word.
The fourth and final student is Omid (Babak Tafti, the only new member of the cast although you’d never know it), who was raised speaking English and seems perpetually odd man out in the class, although he claims he needs to be there because he’s aiming to obtain his Green Card. His real reasons are clearly not that, it is revealed in the play’s eleventh hour, bringing a whole new tension to the strain of the study sessions.
All three of his fellow students have different desires and complex explanations in their individual attempts to master the difficulties of conquering their task at hand. Conflicts rise and fall like a tropical storm of emotions.
For the feisty and outspoken Elham, who hates English, believing her thick accent is a “war crime” and clearly admitting she wishes she didn’t need to study, our language is far less lyrical, making the rule that only English be spoken in Marjan’s classroom exceedingly frustrating.
“English does not want to be poetry like Farsi,” she believes, while her native tongue speaks of her soul. Goli is less poetic, explaining that to her English only floats; it stays on the surface above the more profound depths lurking below.
For Roya, her motives are the most profound. She wants to join her family abroad and not be an embarrassment to her son and the daughter he is raising to only speak English. If her character’s one heartbreaking phone call with her less than enthusiastic son fails to bring tears, there’s no empathy left in your bones. To me, Mohseni’s performance is the true heart of the play.
Marsha Ginsberg’s starkly barren classroom set looked completely nondescript to me beforehand as seen only in photos, but when it begins to revolve and Reza Behjat’s seasonal lighting plot filters through the room’s ever-shifting filmy curtains denoting the passage of time, I realized what these designers have accomplished, along with Sinan Refik Zafar’s sound and hauntingly effective music and Enver Chakartash’s colorfully otherworldly costuming, all components show themselves to be something quite special.
Seeing English unfold through the eyes of my companion for the evening, my former Brazilian New York Film Academy acting student Oscar Pereira, someone I’ve watched over the past 16 years go from having almost no English skills at all to being completely (and charmingly) fluent in our language, I believe I could appreciate the characters’ journey even more—especially at the end when I saw the glistening in his eyes bathed in the light of the company curtain call.
It’s not language that defines us as a species—it’s our voice, if that makes any sense at all. English is a compelling argument for just that, delving into how language shapes who we are and how we navigate the world around us. While the play is specific to the Iranian experience, its themes are universal. It asks a haunting question: who are we when we cannot find the words?
Sanaz Toossi's lean, 90-minute masterclass in empathy manages to be both hilariously funny and quietly devastating, particularly while we currently sit with hands tied behind our backs as an ignorant racist saber-rattler attempts to redefine everything good and just our country once prided itself in being.